![]() ![]() bifidum in stool from infants who were breastfed for longer than 6 months was significantly higher compared to the infant breastfed up to 3 months ( p = 0.0285). ![]() Results: Bifidobacterium was the most abundant genus in infant stool at all-time points, irrespective of breastfeeding duration, with an overall mean relative abundance of 70%. We explored the associations between infant gut microbiome parameters and age, duration of exclusive breastfeeding (EBF), and levels of individual HMOs. Concentrations of five neutral and two acidic (3′SL, and 6′SL) HMOs were measured in all milk samples using High-Performance Anion-Exchange Chromatography with Pulsed Amperometric Detection (HPAEC-PAD). Mother’s hindmilk samples were collected at birth, 2 week, 6 week, 3 month, and 6 month postpartum. The 16S rRNA V3-V4 rRNA region was sequenced using MiSeq Illumina to determine microbiota composition and diversity. Infant stool samples ( n = 337) were collected at 2 week, 6 week, 3 month, and 6 month of age. Methods: A total of 94 mother-infant pairs were recruited as part of the Cambridge Baby Growth and Breastfeeding Study (CBGS-BF) (Cambridge, UK). Here, we investigate associations between infant gut microbiome development, infant age, breastfeeding duration, and human milk oligosaccharides (HMO) composition in breastmilk. 6Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdomīackground: Infant gut microbiota composition is influenced by various factors early in life.5MRC Epidemiology Unit, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.4Department of Paediatrics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.3NIZO Food Research BV, Ede, Netherlands.2Medical and Scientific Affairs, Reckitt/Mead Johnson Nutrition Institute, Nijmegen, Netherlands.1Medical and Scientific Affairs, Reckitt/Mead Johnson Nutrition Institute, Evansville, IN, United States. ![]() van Diepen 2* Andrei Prodan 3 Laurentya Olga 4 Ken K. ![]()
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